额河源流采金矿区不同恢复措施对矿区物种多样性和地上生物量的影响          下载免费PDF全文

许佳  祝晓瞳  苑塏烨 《干旱区地理》2019,42(3):581-589

以额河源流采金后废弃矿区为研究对象，于2011—2015年期间，通过采取不同恢复措施从被破坏矿区草地植物多样性和生物量的角度分析植被恢复效果。结果表明：（1）不同恢复措施促使各植物群落的物种数增加了5%～30%,说明采取恢复措施使得矿区生态环境得到了一定程度的恢复。（2）综合植被群落结构、盖度和地上生物量、物种多样性指数分析，措施A5（推平+圈羊）、A4（推平+补水）、A3（推平+覆土+黑加仑）较其他措施恢复效果更为显著。（3）通过对各样地植被丰富度指数（R）、Shannon Wiener指数(H′)、Simpson指数（D）、Pielou (Jsw)指数与地上生物量分别进行回归分析,发现指数曲线拟合关系最好。表明物种多样性与地上生物量均存在较显著的正相关关系(P <0.05)。本研究可为类似矿区的植被恢复与重建提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

南海西南次海盆岩石圈结构及其地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

胡立天  张培震  郝天珧  徐亚 《地球物理学报》2019,62(9):3464-3481

南海地区岩石圈资料稀少，阻碍了其形成演化过程的研究.为此，本次研究结合大地热流、空间重力异常、高程、大地水准面和地震数据，在南海西南次海盆反演了两条2.5维岩石圈剖面.本次计算基于三种假设：岩石圈地幔的密度取决于岩石温度；研究区岩石圈处于热稳定状态；研究区处于重力均衡状态.在剖面A-E中，岩石圈底界面从珠江口盆地的105 km迅速抬升到西沙海槽处的50 km，在西沙海槽、西沙-中沙群岛和西南次海盆变化不大，为50~60 km.在剖面F-I中，岩石圈底界面从西沙群岛-中建地块处的88 km向海盆逐渐抬升，在西南次海盆处为46~50 km，到郑和隆起再逐渐变深至64 km.我们比较了西南次海盆岩石圈的冷却模型和热稳定模型，根据冷却模型由水深和热流数据所推断的西南次海盆年龄比实际年龄差很多，说明冷却模型不适用于西南次海盆.通过对比剖面A-E和剖面F-I，说明了剖面A-E经历了更长时间的拉伸，证明南海西南次海盆在形成演化过程中是从北东向南西逐步打开的渐进式扩张.最后，我们综合分析西南次海盆及其大陆边缘的岩石圈结构、减薄陆壳区范围、碳酸盐台地的分布、下地壳韧性流动、流变结构和沉积层特征等多方面资料，认为西南次海盆在形成演化过程中岩石圈地幔首先破裂而地壳后破裂，属于type Ⅱ型非火山型大陆边缘.  相似文献   

偏振激光雷达探测大气—水体光学参数廓线   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

周雨迪  刘东  徐沛拓  毛志华  陈鹏  刘志鹏  刘群  唐培钧  张与鹏  王雪霁  任佳炜  金时伟 《遥感学报》2019,23(1):108-115

激光雷达在上层水体垂直廓线的遥感中展现出巨大优势。本文研制了一套高垂直分辨率的实时探测偏振激光雷达,提出了一种基于偏振激光雷达回波信号的反演算法,采用Fernald理论和多次散射原理反演非均匀大气—水体的衰减和退偏光学产品,以高效稳定地处理偏振激光雷达实验数据。展示了一个中国内陆水体激光雷达探测实例,观测到了两次气溶胶积聚现象和一次水体浑浊现象。对实验数据的分析表明,退偏比主要由前向多次散射和后向单次散射产生的退偏两部分组成。当多次散射强度较大时,退偏比的变化主要取决于多次前向散射退偏;反之,则主要依赖于单次后向散射退偏。  相似文献   

海表面温度时空变异特征及对验证误差影响     

蒋锦刚  徐曜  聂晨晖  潘骁骏  周斌 《遥感学报》2019,23(2):336-348

海洋要素的变化存在明显的区域性和季节性的变化特性,本文选择海洋要素中最为突出的海表面温度(SST)要素作为主要分析参数,设计时空变异参数的计算指标,分析时空变异对验证误差影响的关系,通过研究及试验的数据精度验证,证明了时空变异是造成误差的直接原因之一。强烈的时空属性变异,在验证过程中会引入很大的验证误差,处于不同变异等级区划的数据,其验证结果相对误差可达13.08%,变异越剧烈的区域,精度验证效果越差,验证误差就越大,这些误差并非完全是遥感产品的误差,验证结果不具有代表性,不能真实的反映遥感产品的误差特征。对于SST等海洋遥感产品验证时,需要考虑时空变异对验证误差的影响和贡献,合理选择验证试验区域、代表性的评价数据集和科学的评价方法。  相似文献   

The subduction of the west Pacific plate and the destruction of the North China Craton   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

Rixiang ZHU  Yigang XU 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2019,(9)

While a general concensus has recently been reached as to the causal relationship between the subduction of the west Pacific plate and the destruction of the North China Craton, a number of important questions remain to answer, including the initial subduction of west Pacific plate beneath the eastern Asian continent, the position of west Pacific subduction zone during the peak period of decratonization(i.e., Early Cretaceous), the formation age of the big mantle wedge under eastern Asia, and the fate of the subducted Pacific slab. Integration of available data suggests that the subduction of the western Pacific plate was initiated as early as Early Jurrasic and the subduction zone was situated to 2,200 km west of the present-day trench in the Early Creataceous, as a result of eastward migration of the Asian continent over a distance of ca. 900 km since the Early Cretaceous.The retreat of the subducting west Pacific plate started ～145 Ma ago, corresponding to the initial formation of the big mantle wedge system in the Early Cretaceous. The subduction of the Pacific slab excerted severe influence on the North China Craton most likely through material and energy echange between the big mantle wedge and overlying cratonic lithosphere. The evolution history of the west Pacific plate was reconstructed based on tectonic events. This allows to propose that the causes of phases A and B for the Yanshanian orogeny were respectively related to rapid low-angle subduction and to lowering subduction angle of the west Pacific plate. At ca. 130–120 Ma, the subduction of the west Pacific plate was characterized by increasing subducting angle, slab rollback and rapid trench retreat, leading to the final stagnation of the subducting slab within the mantle transition zone. This process may have significantly affected the physical property and viscosity of the mantle wedge above the stagnant slab, resulting in non-steady mantle flows. The ingression of slab-released melts/fluids would significantly lower the viscosity of the mantle wedge and overlying lithosphere, inducing decratonization. This study yields important bearings on the relationship between the subduction of the west Pacific plate and the evolution of the lithospheric mantle beneath the North China Craton.  相似文献   

Spatial variation of the relationship between transport accessibility and the level of economic development in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China     

YANG Xue-ting  QIU Xiao-ping  FANG Yi-ping  XU Yun  ZHU Fu-biao 《山地科学学报》2019,(8)

As an important component of China' transportation systems, for a long time, the insufficient performance of transport in QinghaiTibet Plateau(QTP) was a bottleneck restricting the economic growth and social development in this area. Nevertheless, the implementation of the western development strategy has accelerated the preliminary construction of comprehensive transport network since 2000. Due to the large area and significant geographical heterogeneity, there is a growing need to understand the relationship between transportation and economic development based on the perspective of spatial difference. By using GIS-based raster analysis and Geographically Weighted Regression(GWR) model, we investigated the spatial-temporal distribution of highway, railway and airport accessibility, respectively, and estimated the correlation and heterogeneity between transport accessibility and the level of economic development. Results revealed that:(1) Transport accessibility in the QTP improved by 53.38% in the past 15 years, which is specifically embodied in the improvement of both highway and railway.(2) Accessibility presented prominent differentiation in the space, increasing from west to east and reducing with the rise of elevation, specifically, the best accessibility area of the highway is below 4000 m above sea level, while the area with an altitude of over 4000 m has the lowest aviation time cost.(3) In general, the long weighted average time cost to critical transport facilities posed significantly negative effect on county economic growth in QTP, more positively, the adverse effect gradually weakened over time.(4) Obvious heterogeneity exists at the influence of different transport accessibility factors on the level of economic development, reflecting both in the horizontal space and altitudinal belt. Therefore, region-specific policies should be addressed for the sustainable development of transport facilities as well as economy in the west mountain areas.  相似文献   

北斗在南/北极地区的基本定位性能评估     

徐炜  贾雪  乔方  刘扬  严超  王涛 《大地测量与地球动力学》2018,38(12):1268-1273

基于BDS、GPS系统的星座结构，对当前的BDS二代导航系统（BD2）、全部建成后的BDS系统在极地科考站（黄河站、昆仑站、中山站、长城站）和北极圈的可见卫星数、DOP值、定位精度等进行评估，并将建成后的BDS、GPS及其组合系统在南/北极的基本定位性能进行对比分析。仿真结果表明，当前的BD2只实现了极地的部分覆盖，对极地提供导航定位的能力有限，大范围内的定位精度大于30.0 m； BDS在极地的定位精度将与GPS相当，可见卫星数可达13颗左右，PDOP值优于1.6，定位精度优于8.0 m；GPS/BDS组合后在极地的PDOP值优于1.4，定位精度优于6.0 m。
  相似文献   

基于遥感水边线的潮滩面积提取方法研究          下载免费PDF全文

张媛媛  高志强  刘向阳  许宁 《海洋开发与管理》2018,35(3):56-61

潮滩作为动态变化的后备土地资源,对其研究具有重要意义。文章以江苏省如东县为研究区,使用环境资源卫星(HJ1A/1B)影像为数据源,应用面向对象技术创建分类规则,实现批量半自动提取水边线,随后利用DSAS软件处理水边线集获得潮位点集,基于最外边界法实现高(低)潮位点的提取,进而获得潮滩范围,估算的如东县潮滩面积为55 182hm~2。最后利用误差矩阵进行精度验证(Kappa系数为0.945)。结果表明:该方法对于潮滩面积提取具有适用性,无论在空间域还是时间域都具有一定的推广性。  相似文献   

Spatial Variations of b-Values in the Coastal Area of Guangdong     

ZHOU Pengxiang  XIA Shaohong  SUN Jinlong  CAO Jinghe  XU Huilong  ZHAO Fang  CHEN Chuanxu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2018,(1)

We used earthquake catalogs recorded by Guangdong Seismological Network from 2008 to 2014 to resolve the spatial variations of b-values in the coastal area of Guangdong, particularly in three key research areas(Yangjiang, Heyuan, and offshore Nanao Island) with strong seismicity. Our results revealed that b-values exhibited significant spatial variations, and zones with low b-values could indicate the most likely seismogenic area of large earthquakes. We observed three clear low b-value patches in the offshore Nanao Island. We found a distinct high b-value peak at the depth of 11 km and two minimum peaks at about 14 and 7–8 km in the Yangjiang area. The overall b-values generally decrease with depth in the Heyuan area. The spatial variations of b-values reflect tectonic anomalies; that is, the ‘low-high-low' distribution of b-values in the offshore Nanao Island and the Yangjiang area may indicate the anomaly of the crustal structure with a weak layer. The b-values of reservoir-induced seismicity are obviously lower than that induced by tectonism. This finding indicates that the reservoir area is generally at high stress state under the condition of high pore pressure. We inferred that large earthquakes might be prone to occur at 10–12 km depth in the offshore Nanao Island, at 12–15 km depth in the Yangjiang area, and at the lower part of the seismic activity zone in the Heyuan area. Moreover, the upstream area of the Xinfengjiang reservoir is the most likely area of future large earthquakes in the Heyuan area.  相似文献   

基于地学信息图谱的河道、海岸线演变对黄河三角洲景观格局影响研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李丹  王庆  徐洋  战超  刘现彬  王龙升  崔步礼  于祥  孙晓  王秋贤 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(6):1220-1229

本文利用1988、1998、2009和2016年四期遥感影像,运用GIS技术,将地学信息图谱的图形思维与景观生态学的定量思维相结合,以距今不同时期的亚三角洲和滨海湿地为研究区,从景观结构和景观演替两个方面探究黄河三角洲河道、海岸线演变对景观格局的影响。结果表明:(1)距今不同时间的河道对黄河三角洲景观结构的影响程度不同,距今时间越长的亚三角洲研究区内耕地占总面积的比例越大且耕地是亚三角洲研究区中的第一优势景观类型。在1855—1889亚三角洲研究区内,除耕地和建筑用地外,其他各类景观占总面积的比例都较小且随时间变化不明显;在1929—1934亚三角洲研究区内,盐田、养殖池占总面积的比例从2009年到2016年增加了近40%,涨幅明显;在1964—1976亚三角洲研究区内,各类景观占总面积的比例趋于平均;在2017至今的亚三角洲研究区内,耕地和光滩占总面积的比例较高,达到24%左右。(2)距今不同时间的海岸线对黄河三角洲景观结构的影响程度也不同,在1855滨海湿地研究区内,耕地占总面积比例为60%左右,而海域占总面积比例接近于0,极差较大;在1934和1974滨海湿地研究区内,光滩、柽柳、碱蓬群落、芦苇、白茅群落占总面积比例随时间变化几乎呈逐渐下降趋势,而建筑用地和盐田、养殖池则呈逐渐上升趋势;2009滨海湿地研究区,河流、人工水域占总面积比例在2009年和2016年均达到32%以上。(3)根据景观类型重心变化特征,分析河道、海岸线演变对景观演替的影响程度,将不同时期亚三角洲和滨海湿地研究区景观演替分为如下几类:亚三角洲人类活动主导型、废弃河道主导型、行水河道主导型、滨海湿地人类活动主导型、废弃海岸主导型、新海岸主导型。  相似文献